Run down, Sagging
Runs, sags are the downwards movement of paint that can appear shortly after the application and before the
setting of the paint.
Sagging is usually apparent on local areas of a vertical or curved surface.
Pin Holing
Pinholes can be caused by solvent vapours trapped in the film. A solvent flash-off time that is too short and the use of incompatible solvents will also cause pinholes as will too thick a film thickness.
Air Entrapment (Craters)
Small crater like openings in or on the paint film.
Trapped or buried air pockets in the wet paint film that rise to the surface and “burst” causing small craters.
Air bubbles trapped in paint film during application can result in bubbles, pinholes, and crater-like defects due to agitation too fast to create foaming in the paint container or too high air pressure during application.
Blushing (Milkiness)
A milky gray cloud appears on the surface of the paint film immediately or shortly after application.
When spraying during humid conditions, air from the spray gun and solvent evaporation lowers the substrate temperature below the dew point, causing moisture in the air to condense in or on the paint film. The condition is observed when too fast drying or unbalanced thinner is used.
Chalking (Fading, Oxidation, Weathering)
A chalky white appearance on the surface of the paint film after long exposure of the paint film in exterior
atmosphere.
Pigment is no longer held and protected by resin, resulting in a powder-like surface and lack of gloss.
Dust Contamination (Dirt in finish)
Usually small, irregular lifting of the paint film caused by foreign matter (for example, dust/dirt), which can occur in different sizes, shapes, types and patterns.
Observed due to lack of cleaning of substrate before painting, lint containing overalls or clothes, spray booth dust problem due to dirty and clogged filters, causing dirt containing air supply.
Fisheyes (Silicone Contamination, Cratering)
Small circular, crater-like openings that appear during or shortly after the spray application.
Cissing (Cratering) This is caused by painting over contaminated surfaces such as wax, oil or polish.
The paint cannot adhere to the surface and draws away leaving unpainted areas.
Lifting (Cracking Raising, Shriveling, Swelling)
Solvents in freshly applied product attack the previous finish causing lifting the paint film due to recoating of the previous coat that are not fully cured.
Usually observed when French polish or NC sanding sealer is applied as primary coat and while applying top coat, solvent which is high power in top coat like Melamine, PU reacting with French polish or NC sanding sealer causing lifting or cracking.
Orange Peel (Poor Flow, Texture)
Coating Defects-Orange Peel.
Uneven film formation with hills and valleys in paint resembling the skin of an orange. The defect can be caused by improper application technique where the spray gun is too close to the surface or the air pressure is too low for proper atomization of the paint or incorrect combination of thinner.
Wrinkling (Crinkling, Puckering, Shriveling)
Wrinkling produces a series of folds and undulations in the surface layer of paint lifting and giving a wrinkled appearance after paint film drying.
Painting outdoors in the high heat of summer can also lead to wrinkling. When the temperature is hot, the surface of the paint can skin over before the lower layers have a chance to dry. High Humidity. Uncured paint that is exposed to high humidity, dew or rain can wrinkle.
Sanding Marks (Sand Scratches)
Dark and/or streaked marks that resemble sand scratches in the paint film.
Sanding marks. The substrate was sanded with an abrasive that was too coarse. The drying times for the undercoat materials were not observed correctly: the sanding marks are clearly visible due to the swelling of the undercoat materials at the time of painting and the shrinkage after drying
Dry Spray
Dry spray is a coating surface defect or failure characterized by a dull surface with a dull appearance and rough, sand-paper-like texture; the problem usually occurs when the paint film dries too quickly after excessive solvent evaporation before it reaches the target area.
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